IOCCP Ocean Carbon Directory

Ocean Carbon Instrument and Sensor Directory

This directory provides information about sensors developed and used by the ocean carbon research community. Information is provided by the sensor developers. Inclusion on this list does not constitute an endorsement by the IOCCP. To add a sensor to this director, please contact Maria Hood at m.hood@unesco.org.

Dissolved Inorganic Carbon | Alkalinity | pCO2 | pH | Particulate Carbon

Dissolved Inorganic Carbon : Commerical Sensors

Marianda Company VINDTA 3D system
Brief Description:	DIC by coulometric titration; 4 samples / hour.
Platforms:	discrete sampling, underway systems
Contact Information:	http://www.marianda.com; Dr. Ludger Mintrop
References:
Marianda Company VINTA 3C system
Brief Description:	DIC by coulometric titration; Alkalinity by open cell potentiometric tritration; 3 samples / hour.
Platforms:	discrete sampling
Contact Information:	http://www.marianda.com; Dr. Ludger Mintrop
References:
Marianda Company AIRICA system
Brief Description:	Commercial / first series in field tests with scientific institutes. DIC by extraction and IR measurement of purged CO2; 6-10 samples/hour, sample volume > 1 ml.
Platforms:	discrete sampling
Contact Information:	http://www.marianda.com; Dr. Ludger Mintrop
References:
Apollo SciTech Inc. DIC Analyser
Brief Description:	DIC, LI7000 based; Small sample volume (< 1 ml), 6 minutes per analysis
Platforms:	discrete sampling
Contact Information:	http://www.apolloscitech.com ; Dr. Wei-Jun Cai
References:
Marianda Company - Repairing and Troubleshooting SOMMA systems
Brief Description:	Including hardware and software upgrades, replacement parts, etc.
Contact Information:	http://www.marianda.com; Dr. Ludger Mintrop

Alkalinity: Commercial Sensors

Apollo SciTech, Inc. Alkalinity Titrator
Brief Description:	Total Alkalinity by open cell potentiometric (Gran) titration Small sample volume (5-25 ml), 10 minutes per titration
Platforms:	discrete sampling
Contact Information:	http://www.apolloscitech.com; Dr. Wei-Jun Cai
References:
Marianda Company VINDTA 3S system (see 3C system)
Brief Description:	Alkalinity by open cell potentiometric titration 3-4 samples / hour.
Platforms:	discrete sampling
Contact Information:	http://www.marianda.com; Dr. Ludger Mintrop
References:
Kimoto Total Alkalinity Analyzers
Brief Description:	1. Total Alkalinity Titration Equipment - Auto titration equipment uses the open-cell alkalinity titration method; high accuracy and repeatability. 2. Total Alkalinity Analyzer - Auto measuring equipment uses the closed-cell alkalinity titration method; high accuracy and repeatability.
Platforms:	discrete sampling
Contact Information:	http://www.kimoto-electric.co.jp/english/product/ocean/alkali.html; sales@kimoto-electric.co.jp
References:

pCO2: Commercial Sensors

Battelle Seaology CO2 System
Brief Description:	pCO2 air and surface water (LiCOR IR based), percent O2 saturation in water, can interface with Seabird Microcat 37 for SST and SSS, can interface with Gill Sonic anemometer for winds, daily data transmission via Iridium satellite. Sampling frequency is every 3 hours over 400 days without maintenance; frequency is fully adjustable and can be modified remotely via satellite. Zero and span calibrations with every sample.
Platforms:	underway systems, moorings, drifters
Contact Information:	http://www.battelle.org/seaology/ Mark Davis (DavisMP@Battelle.org)
References:
Pro-OCEANUS Systems Inc. CO2-Pro
Brief Description:	pCO2 by IR detection featuring automatic zero point calibration High sampling rate; pumped interface; low cost; long term stability
Platforms:	underway systems, moorings, profiling floats
Contact Information:	http://www.pro-oceanus.com; Ellen Johnson (sales@pro-oceanus.com)
References:
General Oceanics GO pCO2 system
Brief Description:	pCO2 by LICOR IR detection. Designed for longterm installation and unattended use on research vessels or VOS ships
Platforms:	underway systems
Contact Information:	http://www.generaloceanics.com/genocean/8050/8050.htm sales@generaloceanics.com See also: Craig Neill, University of Bergen
References:
Dartcom-PML "Live pCO2" Autonomous Underway System
Brief Description:	Surface ocean and atmospheric pCO2 (LiCOR), equilibrator temperature, atmospheric pressure, gps, diagnostic variables. Additional modules for underway dissolved O2, SST and salinity, met data, etc, can be added or integrated from existing ship systems.
Platforms:	underway systems
Contact Information:	http://www.bodc.ac.uk/carbon-ops/; http://www.pml-applications.co.uk/ Contact: Dr. Nick Hardman-Mountford (PML), Dr. Tim Fileman (PML commercial manager), and Colin Opie (Dartcom)
References:	Hardman-Mountford, N.J., Moore, G.F., Bakker, D.C.E., Watson, A.J., Schuster, U., Barciela, R., Hines, A., Moncoiffé, G., Brown, J., Dye, S., Blackford, J., Somerfield, P., Holt, J., Hydes, D.J., Aiken, J. (2008). An operational monitoring system to provide indicators of CO2-related variables in the ocean. ICES Journal of Marine Science. Accepted.
Sunburst Sensors SAMI Technology
Brief Description:	Autonomous indicator-based sensors for measurement of the partial pressure of CO2 and pH of seawater. Temperature is also measured. Low power for long-term (2 months - 1 year) deployments. Accomodates up to 2 additional sensors such as PAR, O2 optodes, beam-c transmissometers, and chl-a fluorometers. Optional anti-fouling configuration for extreme fouling environments.
Platforms:	underway systems, moorings, drifters
Contact Information:	http://www.sunburstsensors.com/; Jim Beck (jim@sunburstsensors.com) Mike DeGrandpre
References:	DeGrandpre, M.D., Baehr, M.M. and T.R. Hammar. (2000). Development of an optical chemical sensor for oceanographic applications: The Submersible Autonomous Moored Instrument for Seawater CO2. Chemical Sensors in Oceanography, M. Varney ed., Gordon and Breach publ., Amsterdam, pp. 123-141.
KANNAD company CARIOCA systems
Brief Description:	Surface ocean pCO2 (ph-based), atmospheric pressure, SST, salinity, pH, fluorescence; Drift buoy autonomy >1yr; data in near-real time by satellite trasmission.
Platforms:	drifters
Contact Information:	http://www.kannad.com/en/datasystems/index.php?id=61 ; http://www.dt.insu.cnrs.fr/carioca/carioca.php Contact: Patrice Brault; see also Dr. Liliane Merlivat.
References:	Merlivat, L., and P.Brault (1995), CARIOCA buoy: Carbon dioxide monitor, Sea Techn.,10,23-30. Bates, N. R., L. Merlivat, L. Beaumont, and C. Pequignet, 2000. Intercomparison of shipboard and moored CARIOCA buoy seawater measurements in the Sargasso Sea. Marine Chemistry 72: 239-255.
Kimoto Air /Marine CO2 Automatic Monitoring System
Brief Description:	NDIR-based; continuous flow-through system wtih tandem type gas-liquied equilibrator
Platforms:	underway systems
Contact Information:	http://www.kimoto-electric.co.jp/english/product/ocean/co2.html; sales@kimoto-electric.co.jp
References:
CONTROS pCO2 Sensors
Brief Description:	In situ pCO2 sensor based on NDIR detection, optionfor internal data logger as well as zeroing, high depth capability (upto 6000m), flow-through model and arctic version available.
Platforms:	Underway, Moorings, Subsea Vehicles
Contact Information:	www.contros.eu , Daniel Esser ( contact@contros.eu )
References:

pCO2: Custom Sensors

Marianda Company SUNDANS system
Brief Description:	pCO2 by LICOR IR detection (sea surface + atmosphere), barometric pressure, position (GPS); Designed for temporary use on resaerch vessels (not VOS), where minimum service is possible; small size and weight for easy transport and installation on small vessels. Prototype / under tests at sea; commercial system for late 2008.
Platforms:	underway systems
Contact Information:	http://www.marianda.com; Dr. Ludger Mintrop
References:
University of East Anglia System
Brief Description:	Instrument measuring xCO2 in seawater and overlying atmosphere; detection is NDIR-based and seawater xCO2 determined by equilibration. Additionally, temperature, salinity and oxygen, are measured in seawater.
Platforms:	underway systems
Contact Information:	Ute Schuster, UEA, UK, U.Schuster@uea.ac.uk
References:	Cooper, D.J., A.J. Watson, and R.D. Ling (1998) Variation of pCO2 along a North Atlantic shipping route (U.K. to the Caribbean): A year of automated observations. Marine Chemistry, 60, 147-164. Schuster, U. and A.J. Watson (2007) A variable and decreasing sink for anthropogenic CO2 in the North Atlantic. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, vol. 112, C1106, doi: 10.1029/2006JC003941.

pH: Commercial Sensors

Sunburst SAMI pH sensor
Brief Description:	Range 7.5-8.5 pH units; Accuracy 0.002; precision <0.001; total response time is 4 minutes.
Platforms:	underway systems, moorings, drifters
Contact Information:	http://www.sunburstsensors.com/ ; Dr. Mike DeGrandpre
References:

Particulate Carbon: Commercial Sensors

WETLabs Inc. C-Rover Particulate Organic Carbon Sensor
Brief Description:	Optical (beam attenuation coefficient at 660 nm). Fully autonomous. Response time = 0.1 s.
Platforms:	discrete sampling, underway systems, moorings, drifters, profiling floats
Contact Information:	http://www.wetlabs.com Contact: ian@wetlabs.com See also: Jim Bishop
References:	Bishop, J.K.B., T.J. Wood, R.E. Davis and J.T. Sherman (2004) Robotic Observations of Enhanced Carbon Biomass and Export at 55S. Science 304, 417-420. See also supplemental online materials. Bishop, J.K.B., R.E. Davis and J.T. Sherman (2002) Robotic Observations of Dust Storm Enhancement of Carbon Biomass in the North Pacific. Science 298, 817-821. See also Supplemental Materials.
WETLabs Inc. Prototype Particulate Inorganic Carbon Sensor in CSTAR and Neutrally Buoyant Forms
Brief Description:	Optical, mineral (calcite / aragonite) birefringence at 660 nm. Fully autonomous. Proposal pending to commercialize. Response time = 0.1 s. Available for commerciallization via Technology Transfer.
Platforms:	discrete sampling, underway systems, moorings, drifters, profiling floats
Contact Information:	http://www.wetlabs.com Contact: Dr. Jim Bishop
References:	Guay C.K. and J.K.B. Bishop (2002) A rapid birefringence method for measuring suspended CaCO3 concentrations in water, Deep-Sea Research I, 49, 197-210
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory / UC Berkeley Optical Sedimentation Recorder (OSR)/ Carbon Flux Explorer
Brief Description:	Optical (multiple imagine methods), detects organic and inorganic carbon components of flux on hourly basis for seasons to one year. Fully autonomous (Iridium profiling float + OSR). Response time < 4 s. Available for commerciallization via Technology Transfer.
Platforms:	underway systems, profiling floats
Contact Information:	http://www-ocean.lbl.gov/NOPP.html Contact: Dr. Jim Bishop
References: